BIP
In 2015, the Lower Silesian Smart Specialisation 'Spatial Mobility' was established. The specialisation included, in addition to areas related to public (urban) transport, also systems that increase transport efficiency (also in environmental terms). The analysis indicated the need to maintain the smart specialisation ‘Spatial mobility’. Its innovative character associated with modern trends is a strong reason to treat it as a factor in building a competitive advantage for Lower Silesia. It should be noticed that research and development activity is largely concentrated in small firms, in addition to being carried out independently. This demonstrates the high quality of the human capital that makes up the industry. Maintaining smart specialisation in its current form is supported by the results of the diagnosis, which revealed that the industry is characterised by a fairly high development potential illustrated by the following characteristics:
Relatively high level of innovativeness of firms - a significant proportion of firms declare to implement innovations, although the propensity to do so is, as highlighted, largely specific to small firms.
High level of internationalisation - companies in the 'Spatial Mobility' industry are active in foreign markets - as many as three quarters of them sell their products abroad.
Awareness of market needs - all innovation activities, as well as research and development activities, are dictated by the need to meet market expectations.
Openness to carrying out R&D projects, including in collaboration with business partners. More than two-thirds of companies carrying out R&D activities involve at least 10% of their expenditure, and one-fifth even more than 50%.
An additional rationale in favour of maintaining the smart specialisation ‘Spatial mobility’ is also that it is treated in various forms as a developmental one throughout Europe within the framework of development programming based on smart specialisations, while at the same time there is no clear competition in Poland.
Furthermore, the analysis of changes allowed for the precise selection of groups of entities whose condition significantly influences the location factor for the entire specialisation. When comparing the results for the analysed economic aspects, the most advantages of Lower Silesia were found in the case of the sector: Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, excluding motorbikes. Further, among industries and sectors referring to industrial production, the following sector stood out (having advantages in at least two groups of indicators): Manufacture of electrical equipment (employees and REGON). These indications were taken into account in the redefinition of the Smart Specialisation ‘Auto-Moto-Aero-Space’.
The following areas and sub-areas of specialisation have been identified:
2.1.1.
Specialisation encompasses the production and marketing of propulsion sources for land and water vehicles based on:
hydrogen technologies (including fuel cells);
- electric motors;
- hybrid systems.
2.1.2.
Specialisation encompasses the production and marketing of sub-assemblies and components for low- and zero-emission land and water vehicles. In particular, the specialisation encompasses the manufacture of components for low-emission vehicles while maintaining function and performance using modern design (including bionic design) and manufacturing methods (including incremental technologies).
2.1.3.
Specialisation encompasses the production (final assembly) and marketing of low- and zero-emission land and water vehicles, including autonomous vehicles.
2.2.1.
Specialisation encompasses the design and manufacture of propulsion and power sources for aerial vehicles (including drones) and spacecrafts (including microsatellites).
2.2.2.
Specialisation encompasses the manufacture (final assembly) and marketing of aerial vehicles (including drones) and spacecrafts (including microsatellites).